Mga kahulugan ng Social Networking na nasa Web sa wikang Ingles:
A social network service focuses on building and reflecting of social networks or social relations among people, e.g., who share interests and/or activities. ... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Networking
The interaction between a group of people who share a common interest; Using social contacts to network; Using internet's network groups (such as Facebook and Twitter) to network and communicate between consumers and businesses en.wiktionary.org/wiki/social_networking
The process of building online communities, often accomplished both through 'groups' and 'friends lists' that allow greater interaction on websites. Find out more about social networking. webtrends.about.com/od/web20/a/web20-glossary_2.htm
is an phenomenon that has recently taken over the web, allowing more connectivity and interaction between web users. Several websites, such as Facebook and MySpace are "virtual communities." www.meetingtomorrow.com/cms-category/computer-glossary
Social networking-new means of communicating and sharing information between two or more individuals on an online community. xlsuite.com/dictionary
sites offer people new and varied ways to communicate via the Internet, whether through their computer or mobile phone. These sites allow people to easily and simply create their own online page or profile and to construct and display an online network of contacts, often called 'friends'. ... www.schools.sa.gov.au/speced2/a8_publish/modules/publish/content.asp
is the assembly, or coming together of individuals in specific groups or communities. Although social networking is possible in person, especially in schools or in the workplace, it is most popular online. ... www.socialmediabuyingguide.org/community/glossary.htm
Social networking is linking people to each other in some way. Social networking sites bring people together who people interested in a particular subject. www.webdesignseo.com/blogging-terms/web-20-terms.php
Social networking websites allow users to be part of a virtual community. The two most popular sites are currently Facebook and MySpace. These websites provide users with simple tools to create a custom profile with text and pictures. ... glowvirtual.com/faqs/definitions.html
Most services are primarily web-based and provide a collection of various ways for users to interact, such as chat, messaging, email, video, voice chat, file sharing, blogging, discussion groups, and so on. ... www.thehatcherblog.com/blog/
Interactive communication in which participants in online communities such as Facebook share thoughts, photos, etc. with members of their own personal networks in a controlled way. sait-fds.editme.com/Sssss
this is where people develop networks of friends and associates. It forges and creates links between different people. Like social bookmarks (see below) a social network can form a key element of collaborating and networking. edtechvision.org/
Weblog- An online dated diary listing your periodic thoughts on a specific topic, often in reverse chronological order. Blog – short form for weblog Blogging - the act of posting on blogs Blogger - a person who blogs Blogosphere - The internet blogging community
BLOGGING FORMS
Photoblogging - a blog predominantly using and focusing on photographs and images. Photoblogs are created by photobloggers Podcasting - a method of distributing multimedia files (audio / videos) online using feeds for playback on mobile devices and personal computers. Podcasts are created by podcasters. Autocasting - is an automated form of podcasting Blogcasting - the blog and the podcast merged into a single website. Vlogging - Also called video blogging. Shortened to vlog. Posted by vlogger. A variant on the blogging using video instead of text. Audioblogging - Also called audioblog, MP3 blog or musicblogs. a variant on the blogging using audio instead of text. Created by audioblogger. Moblogging - Also called moblogs. A blog posted and maintained via mobile phone. Moblogs are created by mobloggers.
BLOG COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS
Index page – the front page fo the blog Header - the topmost part of the blog usually listing the blog title. Footer - the most bottom part of the blog usually listing navigation and copyright statements Sidebar - One or more columns along one or both sides of most blogs main page Categories - A collection of topic specific posts Post, Entry- individual articles that make up a blog Comments - enabling readers to leave their remarks Captcha - short for “Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart”. Those word and letter verification images you need to type in to show you are human and not a bot. Helful to block automated spam comments. more Ping – Short for Packet Internet Grouper. Blog and ping helps to notify other blog tracking tools for updates, changes and trackbacks. Trackback - A system by which a ping is sent to another blog to notify that their article has been mentioned by you Pingback - See trackback. Permalink - A link to a specific article Tags - labelling / attaching keywords to collect similar posts Tag cloud – Displaying tags lists or keywords in a blog. Blogroll - list of links to other blogs in your sidebar. Also see blogrolling.com Sideblog - A smaller blog usually placed in the sidebar of a blog. Template - the blog presentation design BlogThis - a function allows a blogger to blog the entry they a reading Plugins - Small files that add improved functionality and new features. WordPress plugins can greatly improve your blog usage and interactivity Dashboard - When you login to your blogging account, it is the first screen with all controls, tools and functions. Archives – a collection of all your posts on one page. Can be categorized by month etc. Expandable post summaries – show a small teaser part of the post on the index page that link to the full post. more Jump – the continuation of a the story on another page to preserve space on index page. FTP - short for file transfer protocol. Transferring file to and fro from your web host using FTP tools like Filezilla WEB FEEDS
Web Feed – allows online users to subscribe to websites that change or add content regularly. RSS - a family of web feed formats used for Web syndication. Short form for Really Simple Syndication (RSS 2.0), Rich Site Summary (RSS 0.91, RSS 1.0), RDF Site Summary (RSS 0.9 and 1.0). WordPress generates RSS 2.0 XML - short for eXtensible Markup Language. a general-purpose markup language for syndication formats used on blogs. RDF - short for Resource Description Framework. A web content syndication format. Atom - another specific web feed format. Blogger feeds are usually of this type. OPML – short for Outline Processor Markup Language. It is an XML format for outlines. Easily import and export multiple blog subscriptions between different rss aggregators. Photofeed- a web feed with image enclosures. BLOGGING SOFTWARE / CLIENTS
Blogger - a free blogging platform by Google. Blogspot - free Blogger hosting blog at name.blogspot.com LiveJournal - free blogging tool by SixApart Movable Type – paid blogging tool by SixApart Typepad - paid blogging tool by SixApart WordPress.org- Free. Easy to Upload, customize and upgrade. WordPress.com – A WordPress blog hosted free for you. Radio Userland – another blog publishing software package
TYPES OF BLOGS
Group blog- with multiple contributing bloggers. Event blog – focussed on an event Kittyblogger – writing about cats. Celeblog – focused on a celebrity. Celebriblog – maintained by a celebrity. Clog Blog – written in Dutch and/or in Holland. CEOBlog – run by a chief executive officer. Plog - a project blog. Also for Amazon.com personalised weblogs Movlogs - mobile video blogs. Splog- a spam blog Tech blog – focused on a technical subject. Anonoblog – by an anonymous blogger Linguablog - about linguistics, translation etc. Metablog – a blog about blogging. Milblog - a military blog. Blawg – blogged by lawyer / related to legal stuff Edu-blog – education oriented blog. Progblog - A progressive blog. Shocklog - provokes discussion by posting shocking content Klog - used by company knowledge workers. by Kloggers Blogsite - A web site that combines blog feeds from a number of different sources Dark Blog- A non-public blog Photocast- a photoblog that automatically updates when new photos are added. BLOGGING HABITS
Metablogging - writing articles about blogging Blogstipation - writer’s block for bloggers. Cant think of what to blog about? Blogathy - I do not want to post today and I do not care about it Blogopotamus - A long long blog post Blogorrhea - unusually high output of articles Bleg - To use one’s blog to beg for assistance etc. Hitnosis - Refreshing your browser repeatedly to see if your hit counter or comments have increased GAD - Google Adsense Disorder. Repeatedly checking your adsense earnings. more Blego - Blog+Ego. Measuring blogger worth Blog hopping – jumping from one blog to another Blogroach - A commenter who rudely disagrees with posted content Blogoholic - addicted to blogging Blogorific = blogtastic – something which a blogger says is terrific Blogsit - maintaining a blog while the primary blogger is on leave Blogvertising - Also called blogvert. Advertising on a blog. Blurker - a blog reader not posting comments, just lurking around quietly. Blogathon - update your website every 30 minutes for 24 hours straight. Maybe collect sponsorships. more Blogiversary - your blog birthday Blog Carnival – Links to other articles covering a specific topic. Multiblog - running multiple blogs Blog Tipping – Compliment 3 blogs on day 1 of every month. more Blogger bash - a blogger party Commenter - someone who leaves remarks / comments Reciprocal Links - called link love. You link to my blog, I link to yours. To improve search engine rankings. Linkbaiting - a habit of writing good content with the sole purpose of getting it linked from multiple sites. Blogstorm – a large amount of blogosphere activity due to particular controversy. Also called Blog Swarm. Blogsnob – refusing to respond to blog comments from “not-friends”. Doppelblogger – plagiarize the content of another blogger. To Doppelblog. Blogophobia – Fear of blogs and blogging. Bloggerel – the same opinion posted repeatedly on a blog BLOGGER TYPES
Problogger - professional blogger Blognoscenti - especially knowledgable bloggers Blogebrity - a famous blogger. Blogerati - the blogosphere intelligentsia. Commentariat - The community of those leaving comments. Dooced - lost a job because of blog entries. To Dooce. Blogther - a fellow blogger. A-List- the top bloggers who influence the blogosphere. Blogstar- blogger running a popular blog
OTHER BLOGGING TERMS
Bloggies- Annual blogging awards. more MSM - Mainstream Media, or old media like newspapers etc. BSM - Blogstream media. from most heavily trafficked blogs. Blog Day – 31 August. Find 5 new Blogs that you find interesting and tell them. more Blaudience - your blog audience. Blargon - Also called Blogssary. Blogging slang and glossary. What I am telling you now. Blogiversary - your blog birthday Blogiverse – see blogosphere XFN – short for XHTML Friends Network. Is a simple way to represent human relationships using hyperlinks. Blogonomics - blogging conference on a Blog Cruise in 2006. more EFF - short for Electronic Frontier Foundation. A nonprofit group working to protect blogger rights. Blog of Note – a recommended blog. more Navbar - a navigation bar usually seen on top of Blogger blogspot hosted blogs. more Blook - a book created from a blog. more Hat Tip- acknowledgement of the source that tipped you the news. Spomments- Spam comments Blammer- Blog spammer SOB- acronym for Successful and Outstanding Blogger. From successful-blog.com Blogiday- you get fed up and take a holiday from blogging BLOGGING TOOLS & SERVICES
Bloglines, Rojo, Newsgator, Kinja, – are News Aggregators that display content from syndicated Web content from web feed. Can be configured online or downloaded on your desktop. Like . Also called RSS readers, feed readers, feed aggregators or news readers Pageflakes, Newsvine – Track multiple feeds on a single page by modules. Odeo, Podnova – are Podcatchers, a form of aggregator used to automatically download podcasts and can sometimes transfer a portable media player. Like Feedburner - a professional feed management system Pingomatic, Pingoat – ping multiple blog tracking services. More Feedblitz, Zokooda – Email subscriptions and newletter tools. Technorati – a real-time search engine that keeps track of what is going on in the blogosphere b5media, 9rules – examples of popular blogging networks. Collection of blogs and bloggers providing great content, with revenue sharing sometimes. K2, Blix – names of some popular wordpress themes. Blogexplosion, Blogclicker- popular blog traffic generation / exchange services. Adsense, Adbrite, CJ, Chitka, Blogads – popular affiliate programs to generate money from your blogs. Sphere, Icerocket – blog search engines Live Bookmarks – a firefox web browser feature. Update themselves automatically with the latest content from the Web. Creative Commons – licenses provide a flexible range of protections and freedoms for authors to offer a voluntary “some rights reserved” approach. CoComment - Tracks your comments across different platforms and follow conversations WBloggar, Ecto, Qumanna – desktop blog publishing tools Mint, Mybloglog, Measuremap, Analytics – site traffic tracking tools. Haloscan- free trackback service YouTube, Rapidshare- puts video on your blog Flickr, Imageshack - photo sharing service. Host images on your blog Del.icio.us, furl, spurl – share social bookmarks. Blogburst - Syndicating your feed to top publishers. Bloggeropoly - professional blogger recruiting agency. more Blogger code – a way to describe different types of bloggers. more Bloggoggle - Directory of Blogging Professionals BlogHer - where the women bloggers are. At Blogher.org BLOG TRAFFIC SURGES
Digged - link posted on digg.com driving huge traffic to your blog Slashdotted - link posted on slashdot.org driving huge traffic to your blog. more Instalanche - link posted on instapundit.com driving huge traffic to your blog Farked – link posted on fark.com driving huge traffic to your blog Boing Boinged – link posted on boingboing.net driving huge traffic to your blog MISCELLANEOUS BLOGGING TERMS
Ajax - acronym for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. creates interactive web applications. Greasemonkey - a firefox web browser extension that can alter the functionality of any website using specific scripts. Wiki - a collaborative on-line software that allows readers to add and edit content. SEO - search engine optimization. To improve your search engine rankings. Page Rank – Google measures of importance of a page which reflects in its rankings. CMS – short for Content management system. software used to publish and manage websites. This post is constantly updated. Help me develop this blogging resource to include all popular blogging terms and create a useful blogging glossary. I repeat that this is NOT a substitute for dictionary meaning or a strict definition of these terms, but a simple layman approach to understanding what they mean. Please feel free to propose a better meaning in the comments.
It’s finally here.
form function() & .class Web Design Conference is the first and only event in Asia for web designers by web designers. Initiated by the newly-formed Philippine Web Designers Organization, the conference provides a venue for discussion and learning of world-class standards, latest trends, current opportunities and challenges in the web design industry, and other emerging aspects of Information and Communication Technology (ICT).
The event aims to unite over 400 professional and aspiring web designers to actively discuss work-related values and practices, exchange current web standards, compare experiences, and share stories to the next wave of web experts through a lively, interactive exchange of ideas. In the long term, the event aims to uplift the state of Philippines web design.
URL: http://formfunctionclass.com/
Date and time: July 10, 2009 from 8am to 5pm
Venue: Asian Institute of Management, Makati City
Schedule & speakers: (see website)
Sponsors: (see website)
That said, here are some of the top 10 xhtml errors by philwebsupport:
1. The use of a raw amperstand in a link query string. The w3c validator reports this as “cannot generate system identifier for general entity” because you’ve tried to create a new entity &xxxxxxx and not an encoded & amp ; in the string. Replace all & with & in urls. 2. The forgotten alt tag. The w3c validator reports this as “required attribute “alt” not specified,” which means that for every img tag you have, you must have an attribute alt=”something”. So, what you need to do is change to . 3. Missing end tags. The w3c validator reports this as “end tag for “img” omitted, but OMITTAG NO was specified” for your particular tag–what it means is that you used a singleton tag, that is, a tag that stands by itself and doesn’t have an inherent end tag, so you must use the xml style / delimiter to signify that the tag ends itself. So, instead of you would write . 4. Incorrect nesting of lists. Please do not place lists inside a paragraph tag. The w3c reports this error as “document type does not allow element “ul” here; missing one of “object”, “applet”, “map”, “iframe”, “button”, “ins”, “del” start-tag.” 5. Incorrect nesting of tags. Think of tags as a stack–as you add new tags to your text, you close the most immediate one first, or you’ll get errors like this: “end tag for “strong” omitted, but OMITTAG NO was specified” and “end tag for element “strong” which is not open.” Instead, change to 6. Oh, the horrors of flash. Did you know it’s really hard to embed flash properly? Luckily, the problem has been solved by people: www.alistapart.com/articles/flashsatay/ who basically took the Macromedia output and stripped it down. Sad, though, that they didn’t build up from the spec… 7. Where’s the doctype? Again, ALA to the rescue with an informative article on document typing: www.alistapart.com/articles/doctype/. If your site doesn’t have a doctype, it’s not a well-formed html document! 8. Javascript events are lowercase. How many times have you followed standard coding conventions and written your onclick handler as an onClick handler? Probably too many to tell. Just make it lowercase, and that “there is no attribute “onClick”” will go away! 9. Using propietary CSS extensions. Even if you’re tempted to use the word-wrap property on a blockquote or a right float, don’t. The microsoft or Mozilla-only CSS extensions aren’t good down the road when you want to upgrade your site technology. 10. Some things need a type, javascript for example. If you forget the type=”text/javascript” from your script declaration, or the type=”text/css” from your stylesheet, it won’t validate, for obvious reasons.
philwebsupport helps your website simple and validated
philwebsupport -15 Essential Checks before Launching Your Website:
15 Essential Checks before Launching Your Website: 1. Favicon - A favicon brands the tab or window in which your website is open in the user’s browser. It is also saved with the bookmark so that users can easily identify pages from your website.
2. Titles and Meta Data - Your page title is the most important element for SEO and is also important so that users know what’s on the page. Make sure it changes on every page and relates to that page’s content.
3. Cross-Browser Checks - check it in IE and see that everything is broken. It’s important that your website works across browsers. It doesn’t have to be pixel perfect, but everything should work, and the user shouldn’t see any problems. The most popular browsers to check are Internet Explorer 6, 7 and 8, Firefox 3, Safari 3, Chrome, Opera and the iPhone.
4. Read again - Read everything. Even if you’ve already read it, read it again. Get someone else to read it. There’s always something you’ll pick up on and have to change. See if you can reduce the amount of text by keeping it specific. Break up large text blocks into shorter paragraphs. Add clear headings throughout, and use lists so that users can scan easily. Don’t forget about dynamic text too, such as alert boxes.
5. Links - Don’t just assume all your links work. Click on them. You may often forget to add “http://” to links to external websites. Make sure your logo links to the home page, a common convention.
Also, think about how your links work. Is it obvious to new users that they are links? They should stand out from the other text on the page. Don’t underline text that isn’t a link because it will confuse users. And what happens to visited links?
6. Functionality Check - Test everything thoroughly. If you have a contact form, test it and copy yourself so that you can see what comes through. Get others to test your website, and not just family and friends but the website’s target market. Sit back and watch how a user uses the website. It’s amazing what you’ll pick up on when others use your website differently than how you assume they’d use it. Common things to check for are contact forms, search functions, shopping baskets and log-in areas.
7. Graceful Degradation - Your website should work with JavaScript turned off. Users often have JavaScript turned off for security, so you should be prepared for this. You can easily turn off JavaScript in Firefox. Test your forms to make sure they still perform server-side validation checks, and test any cool AJAX stuff you have going on.
8. Validation - You should aim for a 100% valid website. That said, it isn’t the end of the world if your website doesn’t validate, but it’s important to know the reasons why it doesn’t so that you can fix any nasty errors. Common gotchas include no “alt” tags, no closing tags and using “&” instead of “&” for ampersands.
• W3C validator
9. RSS Link - If your website has a blog or newsreel, you should have an RSS feed that users can subscribe to. Users should be able to easily find your RSS feed: the common convention is to put a small RSS icon in the browser’s address bar.
10. Analytics - Installing some sort of analytics tool is important for measuring statistics to see how your website performs and how successful your conversion rates are. Track daily unique hits, monthly page views and browser statistics, all useful data to start tracking from day 1. Google Analytics is a free favorite among website owners. Others to consider are Clicky, Kissmetrics (still in closed beta yet), Mint and StatCounter.
11. Sitemap - Adding a sitemap.xml file to your root directory allows the major search engines to easily index your website. The file points crawlers to all the pages on your website. XML-Sitemaps automatically creates a sitemap.xml file for you. After creating the file, upload it to your root directory so that its location is www.mydomain.com/sitemap.xml.
If you use WordPress, install the Google XML Sitemaps plug-in, which automatically updates the sitemap when you write new posts. Also, add your website and sitemap to Google Webmaster Tools. This tells Google that you have a sitemap, and the service provides useful statistics on how and when your website was last indexed.
12. Defensive Design - The most commonly overlooked defensive design element is the 404 page. If a user requests a page that doesn’t exist, your 404 page is displayed. This may happen for a variety of reasons, including another website linking to a page that doesn’t exist. Get your users back on track by providing a useful 404 page that directs them to the home page or suggests other pages they may be interested in.
13. Optimize - You’ll want to configure your website for optimal performance. You should do this on an ongoing basis after launch, but you can take a few simple steps before launch, too. Reducing HTTP requests, using CSS sprites wherever possible, optimizing images for the Web, compressing JavaScript and CSS files and so on can all help load your pages more quickly and use less server resources.
Besides, depending on the publishing engine that you are using, you may need to consider taking more specific measures – for instance, if you are using WordPress, you may need to consider useful caching techniques to speed up the performance.
14. Back Up - If your website runs off a database, you need a back-up strategy. Or else, the day will come when you regret not having one. If you use WordPress, install Wordpress Database Backup, which you can set up to automatically email you backups.
15. Print Style Sheet - If a user wants to print a page from your website, chances are she or he wants only the main content and not the navigation or extra design elements. That’s why it is a good idea to create a print-specific style sheet. Also, certain CSS elements, such as floats, don’t come out well when printed.
To point to a special CSS style sheet that computers automatically use when users print a page, simply include the following code between your tags.
In 2000 Apple released the visual theme Aqua, a stunning leap forward in graphical user interface design. At the same time Apple published the Human Interface Guidelines (HIG), a tool for developers and designers that gives a detailed breakdown of the design philosophy behind Aqua. Apple recently updated their Human Interface Guidelines (HIG) to include the way the visual theme Aqua has evolved in Apple’s latest operating system, OS X 10.5 Leopard. This is the first update since 2006.
Let’s take a look at how this affects icon designers.
Aqua: Strive For Simplicity
“Gorgeous, artistic icons are an important part of the Mac OS user experience. Users expect beautiful icons that tell an application’s story in a clear and memorable way.”
To get really beautiful icons, Apple recommends that you let a professional designer create your icons. Despite all the eye candy and realism that is possible to apply to icons, less is more. Strive for a simple solution using one easily recognisable object. The basic shape or silhouette of your icon can help users to quickly identify it. If you aim for an international market, your symbols need to also be internationally recognizable providing Worldwide Compatibility.
To increase usability and avoid confusing users as to what is part of the Aqua interface and what belongs to an application looking great in the Aqua interface, avoid using Aqua interface elements in your icons, don’t use replicas of Apple hardware products and don’t reuse Mac OS×system icons in your icons. It can be confusing to users to see the same symbol used to mean slightly different things in multiple locations.
Light Source and Perspective in Aqua
Use a single light source with the light coming from above and slightly in front of the icon. This icon for Apple’s Address Book is a good example of the lighting in Mac OS X, Aqua.
Apple writes that “perspective and shadows are the most important components of making good icons“. The perspective for icons and the concept of icon genres and families remain the same in Leopard’s graphical user interface as in previous versions of Aqua.
Realism in Aqua
Aqua icons, such as this icon for Apple’s Pages, display a high level of realism and often show off glassy effects and transparency effects. This works best with concepts that can be described with a physical object. Icons that convey abstract concepts such as “music”, “checkout” or “download” are tricky to make photorealistic representations of.
For example, what would be a good way to symbolize the idea of music? A note? A photorealistic image of notes on paper? An instrument? Which instrument? And will using a harp or a sheet of classical music be too specific for anyone to feel that rap music or jazz could be represented by this imagery?
Not to mention how to make photorealistic representations of concepts like “Compute Value Added Tax” or “Restore Latest Backup”.
This application icon for Apple’s QuickTime Player has evolved over the years, with different variations whilst keeping its basic shape. It’s an example of an icon that Apple have chosen to make a symbolic icon for, rather than taking a photorealistic approach.
It is interesting to see how the icons in the iPhone and iPod interface have made a break from the photo-realism of Aqua and are designed more as symbols, which was the original idea behind the computer icon.
A handheld device is used in less than optimal conditions. There can be glaring light or low light, distractions, noise and so on. Using a more bold and simple visual theme makes a lot of sense for usability.
The icons in the iPhone and iPod interface display glossy effects and squares with rounded corners such as is commonly seen in the current “Web 2.0″ design.
The Dock in Leopard
If you think that users will want to display your icon in the Dock (and which developer doesn’t dream of that!), I suggest you give it a bare minimum of extra effects, as the Dock itself automatically adds several special effects including shadows as well as a reflection of the icon.
As far as I can tell there is no specific information on exactly what effects the Dock adds to icons in the latest version of Apple’s Human Interface Guidelines. I suggest simply adding a slight drop shadow of pure black to make the icon look at home in Aqua, both in the Dock and in other environments of the interface.
Leopard’s File Browser Cover Flow
You also need to be aware of how the Cover Flow view in Finder displays your application icon. In Cover Flow, icons are displayed against a black background, set on a highly reflective surface. Because of this, you may need to adjust the design of your icon.
If your icon includes a drop shadow, make sure the shadow is fully black. If your icon is very dark or has black edges, you can add a slight inner glow to make the icon stand out against the black background. This Spaces icon shown below, has a slight inner glow that makes it look at home in the Cover Flow environment.
Avoid giving important parts of your icon high alpha levels (that is, a lot of transparency), especially in the lower half of the icon. As areas with too much alpha can get clipped by Cover Flow. This icon for Apple’s Mail has a cancellation mark with high alpha levels and as we can see Cover Flow has clipped part of the postmark as shown below.
Personally, I think that icons set on an angle look awkward in Cover Flow, since Cover Flow tilts the icons it gets to be a bit too much. A straight-on view, such as the perspective for the Spaces icon is best for icons when displayed in Cover Flow.
Icon Sizes in Leopard
OS X 10.5 Leopard introduces a new larger size for icons, 512×512 pixels. A professionally created icon for Leopard should include the following sizes:
512×512 pixel image (for Finder icons in Mac OS X v10.5 and later)
128×128 pixel image (for Finder icons in all versions of Mac OS X)
32×32 pixel image (hint for Finder icons)
16×16 pixel image (hint for Finder icons)
A mask that defines the image’s edges so that the operating system can determine which regions are clickable
Icons that display in the Finder are viewed at different sizes: they can be magnified in the Dock, they can be previewed at full size, and users can specify a preferred size. For the best-looking icons at all sizes, you should provide custom images (“hints”) at 32×32 pixels and 16×16 pixels. Although the Dock doesn’t use hints (it uses a sophisticated algorithm on the 128×128 pixel version), hints are important for preserving crucial details in Finder icons.
Always start with the largest icon and downscale that to the smaller sizes. The largest version of your icon should have the richest texture, more details and greater realism. The smaller sizes will in some cases need some retouching to have the same high quality as the original large sized design.
This mockup of the Front Row application icon illustrates that simply enlarging a small icon will not provide the sharpness and detail required in the large version of the icon.
Scaling Your Art Work So That The Smaller Versions Become Crisp and Clear
Setting up a grid and “using snap to grid” will help you keep each of the smaller icon versions crisp and reduce the amount of retouching and sharpening you need to do when you resize the art work.
Apple suggests that you set up the canvas for your master file to 1024×1024 pixels. In your image-editing application, set up an 8-pixel grid as you create the master file. This means that each block in the grid measures 8×8 pixels and represents one pixel in the 128×128 pixel icon.
Turn on “snap to grid” to reduce the half pixels and blurry details that can result when you scale it down. Although using an 8-pixel grid works well when you create 512×512 pixel icons, you may prefer the increased precision you get when you use a 2-pixel grid to create the master image.
If you aren’t satisfied with the results when you scale down your art work to the 32×32 pixel and 16 ×16 pixel sizes, you can redraw the image at these sizes instead. However, setting up the proper grid can still help reduce extra work if you decide to redraw the smaller versions. For example, using a 32-pixel grid with a 1024×1024 pixel master file works well for creating the 32×32 pixel size, and a 64-pixel grid works well for creating the 16×16 pixel size.
In general I think keeping the icons as simple as possible is a good idea, as both the Dock and the Cover Flow in Aqua Leopard add a lot of effects.
Full detailed tutorial on how to draw and trace people from a photo. Learn how to create realistic illustration with just simple gradient fill. No massive Gradient Mesh!
First place a photo in Layer 1 by File > Place or Copy & Paste from clip board. Double click on Layer 1 to change the Layer Options. Set Dim Images to: 30% and lock layer.
2. Start tracing
Make a new layer (Layer 2). Hold down Ctrl key and click on the eye icon of Layer 2 to view Layer 2 in Outline mode.
Use the Pen Tool and start tracing the basic features of the girl. While you are tracing, there are couple shortcut keys you should know in order to work more faster.
These shortcuts are:
Ctrl+[ = Send Backward (This will send object back 1 step)
Ctrl+] = Bring Forward (This will bring object front 1 step)
Ctrl+Shift+[ = Send to Back (This will send object all the way to the back)
Ctrl+Shift+] = Bring to Front (This will bring object all the way to the front)
Ctrl+F = Paste in Front (This will paste object in front with same position)
3. Make shadow
Draw a new path as shown (top). Then Copy the base path of the face and Paste in Front. Select the copied base path and the new path, open your Pathfinder, Alt-click on Intersect shape areas.
Use the same technique from previous step and make all shadow paths for the overall illustration. You don’t have to get into the details yet, one simple shadow path of each part is good enough (ie. eye, lips, shirt, body, etc). Remember to use Ctrl+C for copy; and Ctrl+F to paste object in front. Trust me, this will save you a lot of time!
4. Fill in base color
Now fill in the base color for the face, eye, lips, and eyebrow.
5. Shadow gradient
Fill the shadow path of the face with a Gradient (white-skin tone) and select Multiply for Blending Mode.
Select the other shadow paths and use the Eyedropper Tool to copy the gradient fill of the main shadow path.
For the lip and eye shadow, use the Eyedropper to copy the base fill and select Multiply Blending Mode.
6. Body
Use the same technique, copy the gradient fill for the body. Note you might to adjust the gradient of each shadow path to blend in with the overall illustration.
7. Hair
Pretty much the same, fill 1 path with the gradient, then use the Eyedropper Tool to copy the fill.
8. Shirt
Same technique as the previous steps.
9. Skirt
Fill the skirt with a blue gradient, then use the Eyedropper Tool to copy the fill for the shadow.
10. Hair details
Now you can add more details to the hair. Make shadow effect by adding Multiply paths. Add some highlights by using lighter gradient color. If you want, you can add more details to the clothes, lips, or add a cool tattoo on her body.
Final
After you get used to this tracing technique, you can basically trace anything!
More Samples
Here are some samples that I traced from photo using the same technique.
Apple Logo "Isaac Newton sitting under an apple tree"
Apple Logo
Apple Inc. has revolutionized personal computing since its founding in 1976 by Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne and Steve Wozniak. For more than 30 years, Apple Computer has introduced groundbreaking products and accessories that truly defy the technological barriers. It has now become one of the world’s most famous computer brands and has introduced innovative products such as iPods, Macintosh, QuickTime, etc.
Beyond its strong line of pioneering products, lies an interesting and powerful corporate identity. Apple is probably the only company not to use its name in its logo. Yet, the Apple logo is one of the most recognized corporate symbols in the world. The first Apple logo was designed by Jobs and Wayne in 1976, featuring Isaac Newton sitting under an apple tree. It was inspired by a quotation by Wordsworth that was also inscribed into the logo that said: “Newton… a mind forever voyaging through strange seas of thought” with ‘Apple Computer Co.’ on a ribbon banner ornamenting the picture frame.
That Apple logo was immediately changed by designer Rob Janoff into a multicolored apple with a bite taken out off its right side, better known as the “rainbow apple”. This was done to commemorate the discoveries of gravity (the apple) and the separation of light (the colors) done by Isaac Newton and possibly to tribute the ‘fruit of the Tree of Knowledge’ in Adam and Eve’s story. Even the term ‘Macintosh’ refers to a particular variety of an apple. But certain speculations exist about the proper meaning of the Apple logo. Some believe that the ‘rainbow colored’ Apple logo was used to advertise the color capability of the Apple II computer. Others, like author Sadie Plant of Zeroes and Ones, considers the Apple logo as homage to Alan Turning, the father of modern computing, who committed suicide using a cyanide-laced apple.
For the last few years, the Apple logo has appeared in various colors (aqua color scheme was famous among all). But now Apple has discontinued the use of bright colors in the Apple logo, instead opting for white and raw-aluminum color schemes. The polished chrome logo seems to fit ideally. The silvery chrome finish in the new Apple logo is consistent with the design scheme and freshens up the icon. For whatever reason Apple Inc. had to revamp its logo, the new Apple logo got a hearty endorsement by the customers and critics around the world. It can widely be seen on all Apple products and retail stores; and has become one of the world’s most renowned brand symbols.
Google Logo “To organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful”
Google Logo
Google’s mission statement is “To organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful”. Since the beginning, Google has closely and zealously worked towards achieving the goal of providing relevant information and innovative products to its customers. Saying that, Google has now become a leader of the web-search industry.Google began as a research project in 1996 by two Stanford University’s Ph.D. students, Larry Page and Sergey Brin. It was initially nicknamed “BackRub”, and had many different logos overtime. However, the current Google logo was designed by Ruth Kedar, which consists of the name “Google” in logotype based on the Catull typeface. It has now become the official logo of Google Inc.; a company specializing in Internet search and online marketing.
The word “Google”, in the Google logo originates from the misspelling of ‘googol’, which refers to 10100 (that is the number represented by a 1 followed by one-hundred zeros). The name is the only element of the Google logo and is used with different variations and modifications depending on the occasion/s. The company uses features that compliment and refer to specific holidays like Christmas, 4th of July, Mother’s Day etc.; birthdays of famous personalities like Albert Einstein, Leonardo Di Vinci, Edward Munch, etc.; and major events like the Olympics, Football World Cup, elections, etc. These special modifications of the Google logo are known as Google Doodles were first designed by the creators of the company in 1999.
The Google Logo demonstrates a very powerful and diverse brand. Though the services offered by Google Inc. vary, its logo brands the company.
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Full detailed tutorial on how to draw and trace people from a photo. Learn how to create realistic illustration with just simple gradient fill. No massive Gradient Mesh!
Beyond its strong line of pioneering products, lies an interesting and powerful corporate identity. Apple is probably the only company not to use its name in its logo. Yet, the Apple logo is one of the most recognized corporate symbols in the world. The first Apple logo was designed by Jobs and Wayne in 1976, featuring Isaac Newton sitting under an apple tree. It was inspired by a quotation by Wordsworth that was also inscribed into the logo that said: “Newton… a mind forever voyaging through strange seas of thought” with ‘Apple Computer Co.’ on a ribbon banner ornamenting the picture frame.
That Apple logo was immediately changed by designer Rob Janoff into a multicolored apple with a bite taken out off its right side, better known as the “rainbow apple”. This was done to commemorate the discoveries of gravity (the apple) and the separation of light (the colors) done by Isaac Newton and possibly to tribute the ‘fruit of the Tree of Knowledge’ in Adam and Eve’s story. Even the term ‘Macintosh’ refers to a particular variety of an apple. But certain speculations exist about the proper meaning of the Apple logo. Some believe that the ‘rainbow colored’ Apple logo was used to advertise the color capability of the Apple II computer. Others, like author Sadie Plant of Zeroes and Ones, considers the Apple logo as homage to Alan Turning, the father of modern computing, who committed suicide using a cyanide-laced apple.
